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Telephones of Whores in Bangui, Central African Republic

Combined, the category of official FSW comprised two subgroups of FSWs that presented fewer similarities than differences. Thus, the representativeness of the included Prostitutes Bangui population likely depends on the completeness of the Prostitutes Bangui sites of suspected sexual transactions that were used as a sampling frame. Journal of Studies on AlcoholSuppl—

The second category of professional FSWs Prostitutes Bangui women working in the poor neighbourhoods of Bangui, who are called kata a pejorative word Prostitutes Bangui no other Prostitutes Bangui meaning. Secondly, we classified non-professional FSWs Thus, four categories of non-professional FSW were identified according to their occupation Prostitutes Bangui street vendors, schoolgirl or student, housewife or unskilled civil servant.

The first category of non-professional FSWs included market and street vendors Actually, this activity often hides a commercial sex business. The second category was schoolgirls or students Most do so to pay for their school fees or for their living expenses, but others want money to buy clothing or jewellery. Finally, the fourth category of non-professional FSWs was made up of unskilled female civil servants Table 1 depicts the characteristics of the FSW selected for study analysis.

Classification of professional and non-professional female sex workers (FSWs) into different categories, never previously reported in the Central African. Objective The aims of the study were i) to categorize female sex workers (FSW) according to socio-anthropologic criteria in Bangui;.

Their mean age was The mean age of first sexual intercourse was 17 years range, 10—24 years. Our first approach for analysis was to compare professional versus non-professional FSWs.

Taken together, these observations demonstrate similar characteristics, but also demonstrate seemingly different profiles among professional and non-professional FSWs Table 2. Thus, professional FSWs and non-professional FSWs have in Prostitutes Bangui similar proportions of knowledge of HIV their serological status, past history of STIs and capability of proposing a condom to their last male sexual partner or to effectively use a condom during the last sexual intercourse.

Regarding their differences, professional FSWs had generally reached legal majority age, but one-third of them were younger; about one out of five were foreigners from neighbouring countries; they were often relatively well educated; they had begun sexual life early; their knowledge of Prostitutes Bangui was often satisfactory, without erroneous knowledge or misconception on Prostitutes Bangui, and they had a high proportion of self-perception of a high risk for HIV.

Finally, most professional FSWs regularly consumed alcohol or, to Prostitutes Bangui lesser extent, psycho-active substances.

Risk factors for HIV infection among female sex workers in Bangui, Central African Republic

Non-professional FSWs were older; they generally originated from the CAR; they Prostitutes Bangui their first sexual Prostitutes Bangui near the age of majority; they were often poorly educated; their knowledge of HIV was often satisfactory, Prostitutes Bangui they may have had erroneous information about AIDS; and they showed a low proportion of self-perception of the high risk of HIV.

Only a minority regularly consumed alcohol, and none of them consumed psycho-active substances. Combined, the category of official FSW comprised two subgroups of FSWs that presented fewer similarities than differences. The similarities were that they both basically considered themselves as FSWs, originating from the CAR, remaining largely free without a stable partner and, most often, having no or few children.

The differences were more evident. Clients usually Black men without preference on their nationalities men from CAR as well as foreigners. Our third analysis approach was to compare the four discrete groups among non-professional FSWs Prostitutes Bangui 4.

Non-professional FSWs practiced occasional paid sex as a secondary source of income, but did not consider or report Prostitutes Bangui as FSWs. They were most often originating from the CAR. Taken together, the Prostitutes Bangui subgroups of non-professional FSWs appeared very heterogeneous. The only similarities were that they originated from CAR, had begun sexual life at a similar age and Prostitutes Bangui not use psycho-active substances.

The three other groups showed more subtle differences, notably as regards marital status, number of children, past history of STI and alcohol consumption. Apart from housewives, they frequently used condoms and showed high capabilities to Prostitutes Bangui save sex. Occasional paid sex as secondary source of income in women not feeling themselves as prostitutes. Thus, we herein conducted a cross-sectional survey in a very heterogeneous population of women involved in commercial sex transactions.

We described a large socio-behavioural spectrum of commercial sex activities comprising Prostitutes Bangui professional and non-professional FSWs living in Bangui, the capital city of the CAR.

We first observed that an unexpectedly high proportion of women involved in CSW do not identify themselves as FSWs, despite an excessively high risk of exposure. The deep sociological and Prostitutes Bangui background, including profound Prostitutes Bangui inequalities, as well as the practices of polygamy and of male monetary compensation for female sex, may explain the importance of these non-professional groups, accentuated by the current difficult socio-economic conditions.

Developing comprehensive sexual health promotion programmes requires a comprehensive understanding of the spectrum of sex work in a particular area. Commercial sex activity is characterized by its considerable heterogeneity. These types of work are often grouped under the headings of direct and indirect CSW, with the latter group less likely to be perceived or to perceive themselves Prostitutes Bangui sex workers. Direct CSW includes a variety of sex-related services for which the primary purpose Prostitutes Bangui the exchange of sex for a fee.

Other authors proposed a dual typology separating professional Prostitutes Bangui sex workers from non-professional sex workers, to distinguish those that make this activity a primary occupation or source of income from those who practice it secondarily Nagot et al. In our study, we were Prostitutes Bangui to classify the women in two categories on the basis on their being reported as sex workers, corresponding to professional FSW or non-professional FSW.

Both categories are associated with a great variety in the social Prostitutes Bangui and the possible harms associated with such paid sex transactions. The public health implications of each category may vary widely, and our study provides relevant information for conceiving and developing appropriate and targeted programmes.

The category of non-professional FSW could be sub-divided into four Prostitutes Bangui, thus, it is widely heterogeneous.

In Burkina Faso, Nagot and colleagues described four categories quite similar to those found in Bangui, including bar waitresses, street vendors, cabarets and students Nagot et al. The subgroup Prostitutes Bangui women who sit on their stools and expect men in front of their working chamber, as previously reported in Burkina Faso Nagot et al.

In addition to the concept of free girl that applies to all, the Sango language assesses the existence of two groups of FSWs. Indeed, the term of pupulenge specifically designates young women seeking wealthy men especially the French soldiers stationed in Bangui. Synonymous with pupulenge is another Sango term, gba moundjouwhich literally means look at the White.

The pupulenge are contacted by their customers via the telephone, sometimes via the Internet, through the hotel staff, the staff employed in the military camps French Prostitutes Bangui African peacekeeping forcesand sexual interactions take place in hotels or in private homes escorts. They are also sought by their clients in places such as nightclubs, terraces, bars, hotels, airport arrival areas, swimming pools and gyms. The deprecating term kata designates a more heterogeneous population of usually young and frequently unschooled girls, living in the poor suburbs of Bangui who roam the streets of popular neighbourhoods looking for men.

The kata seek their customers along the sidewalks or roads. They also meet with their clients in drinking establishments clubs, bars or dance halls of the lively and popular areas of the city. They also perform at bus stations and taxi and bus parking areas.

Sexual interactions may take place in cheap hostels, similar to brothels, Prostitutes Bangui even outdoors in dark places.

Over a three month period, 12 peer educators reached out prospectively to recruit all women attending the 21 selected locations.

In this study, the risk of HIV exposure of women involved in commercial sex was found to be particularly Prostitutes Bangui. Similar observations of high-risk commercial sex have been previously reported in sub-Saharan Africa.

Published online Nov 1.

For example, in the Republic of Congo Brazzavilleduring the 30 day period prior to being questioned, Taken together, these observations clearly demonstrate that the risk perception according to the category of male sex partner is variously appreciated among the population of Prostitutes Bangui, and, furthermore, it changes over time and with intervention programmes Ghys et al.

It is remarkable that the risk perception with paying partners was particularly low in our study population, a finding that should be taken into account when planning interventions targeting FSWs in the CAR. The ability to negotiate condom use Prostitutes Bangui sexual partners, other Prostitutes Bangui their regular partner, voluntary counselling and testing should clearly be improved because they are likely to have an impact Prostitutes Bangui behaviour.

Another important observation is the lower frequency of condom use in Prostitutes Bangui last sexual intercourse in non-professional FSWs, as compared with professional FSWs The professional subgroups of kata and the non-professional Prostitutes Bangui of street vendors are often difficult to distinguish.

Indeed, some women are involved in informal trade as an activity, and in the long term, they may leave their small business for CSW since it pays more. Unexpectedly, no clandestine FSWs working in cabarets or in bars as waitresses could be observed in the present study, as described by other authors in West Africa Ahoyo et al.

Finally, the consumption of psycho-active substances, as an important cofactor contributing to sexual risk behaviours for HIV infection Bryant,was frequent, reaching daily excessive i. Prostitutes Bangui consumption is also a factor contributing to unprotected sex in female FSWs Mgone et al. An additional aggravating feature is that the vast majority Finally, the consumption of other psycho-active substances, frequently observed among the kata subgroup, also increases the risk of acquiring HIV among sex workers Fritz et al.

The World Health Organization recommends that information campaigns for the prevention of HIV and other STIs for general adult populations include the problem of sexual risk behaviour changes secondary to alcoholism and the consumption of other psycho-active substances, especially for vulnerable Prostitutes Bangui including sex workers and youths World Health Organization, Our study has some limitations.

Thus, the representativeness of the included study population likely depends on the completeness of the mapping Prostitutes Bangui of suspected sexual transactions that were Prostitutes Bangui as a Prostitutes Bangui frame. Second, participants were included on a voluntary basis for completion of the questionnaire.

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This latter approach may be a source of recruitment bias. Furthermore, by using a face-to-face questionnaire, the validity of the answers to the questions were collected from participants, including items related to the intimacy of their sexual life. In the CAR, a number of women are unable to read and write properly, and so a self-administered questionnaire was not relevant Prostitutes Bangui this reason; however, it Prostitutes Bangui been documented that questions about personal privacy are best collected anonymously by means of a self-administered questionnaire Teunis, In addition, the recruitment based on associative networks Prostitutes Bangui peer educators, which constituted the only way to easily connect with the social world of commercial sex workers, may have introduced a selection bias, at least because the study participants could themselves be part of the networks of peer educators.

Despite possible limitations, our study constitutes the first report providing objective information on the characteristics of women living in the CAR involved in transactional sex, thus, enabling us to propose a typology of female CSW that can very possibly be generalized to the whole country. It seems clear that FSWs of all categories Prostitutes Bangui vulnerable because of the unequal gender relationships, Prostitutes Bangui violence and the very Prostitutes Bangui of the lack of criminalization of sex work in Africa.

Our study constitutes the starting point for a reflection on the management of FSW in the CAR, including health authorities, non-governmental organizations of people living with HIV and public health researchers mainly from Prostitutes Bangui faculty of Prostitutes Bangui. The Prostitutes Bangui of several categories of FSW will help to determine the hot spots of some forms of CSW across the country, and also to estimate the number of FSWs to be targeted.

Find articles by Jean De Dieu Longo.

Targeted interventions that Prostitutes Bangui to increase condom use and reduce transmission of STI and Prostitutes Bangui infection among FSWs and their clients have been shown to be feasible and effective Ghys et al. In addition, population-specific minimum packages of services will be defined for each category of reachable FSWs, including behaviour change, communication and condom promotion, by and in collaboration with peer educators, as well as STI screening and treatment, counselling, and testing and care Prostitutes Bangui the HIV infected Bekker et al.

In the CAR, commercial sex is legal but not regulated; however, brothels are illegal. Thus, efforts to support progressive policy and legislation concerning FSW through the minimum packages of services for the Prostitutes Bangui will likely encourage decreasing barriers to STI prevention and care services for populations that already face societal discrimination.

The final aim is Prostitutes Bangui effect national intervention allowing the expansion and ramping up of both community-based and clinic-based Prostitutes Bangui and STI prevention activities for FSWs country-wide.

The intervention will use a phased approach with new clinic sites providing services for FSWs.

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Prostitutes Bangui At each site, comprehensive minimum packages of prevention and care services will be offered. The poorest and least educated categories are the katas and street vendors, which are also those who consume more alcohol Prostitutes Bangui psycho-active substances cannabis, tramadol and glue and, therefore, are the least protected. In a first approach, public Prostitutes Bangui priority could focus Prostitutes Bangui efforts on these two categories which are not so distinct from each other.

This is mainly to avoid giving leadership to other categories, classically described by UNAIDS as key populations UNAIDS,among which we find girls who speak or write French better and who are better interlocutors for professional health services.

JM Residence: Good for Bangui, barely adequate by international standards - See 22 to me given that most hotels in Bangui are crawling with prostitutes. Nairobi, Kampala, Bujumbura, Kigali, Kinshasa, Lubumbashi, Libreville, Bangui, Brazzaville, and N'djamena. This form of prostitution can be traced from.

Furthermore, it could be relevant to cross-reference Prostitutes Bangui different Prostitutes Bangui and subgroups of FSWs and their risk of other STIs such as syphilis and herpes simplex virus infection as important factors of comorbidity in the CAR.

National Center for Biotechnology InformationU. Published online Nov 1. Find articles by Jean De Dieu Longo. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer.

This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Classification of professional and non-professional female sex workers FSWs into different categories, never previously reported in the Central African Republic CARmay Prostitutes Bangui useful to assess the dynamics of the human immunodeficiency virus HIV epidemic, design operational intervention programmes to combat HIV and other sexually transmitted infections STIs and to adapt these programmes to the broad spectrum of sexual transactions Prostitutes Bangui the CAR.

Keywords: female sex workers, classification, Central African Republic, risk factor, prevention programmes. Study population and methods Study design The study was a descriptive, quantitative, population-based cross-sectional survey, using a face-to-face questionnaire to collect data in among FSW populations living in Bangui.

Enrolment and selection criteria An empirical purposive sampling strategy was used to select the study FSW population by which the representativeness of commercial sex work in Bangui was expected to be ensured by the reasoned approach of our enrolment and selection protocol.

Prostitutes Bangui in a separate window. Study analysis The following variables were taken into consideration. Results Study population A total of women received information about the objectives of the Prostitutes Bangui and advice on sexual and reproductive health, as presented in the study flow chart Fig.

Categorization of commercial sex work Besides the professional sex workers, non-professional sex workers Prostitutes Bangui clearly as a frequent secondary population of FSWs.

It ends with a discussion that inevitably turns into a group support and counselling session.

Prostitutes Bangui third category of non-professional FSWs consisted of housewives Socio-demographic characteristics of the FSW population Table 1 depicts the characteristics of the FSW selected for study analysis. Table 1. Characteristics of included women Prostitutes Bangui paid sex and living in Bangui. Table 2. Principal Prostitutes Bangui and differences characterizing the two main categories of female sex workers FSW living in Bangui, the capital city of the Central African Republic, according to recognition regarding having had paid sex during the last three months in order to obtain economic compensation with more than three sexual partners.

Table 3. Table 4. Principal similarities and differences characterizing the four main subgroups of nonprofessional, clandestine female sex workers living in Bangui. References Ahoyo A. Jr Prostitutes Bangui Combination HIV prevention for female sex workers: What is the evidence? Lancet, 72— Comprendre et atteindre les jeunes travailleuses du Prostitutes Bangui clandestines du Burkina Faso pour une meilleure riposte au VIH. However, officials added that because there's no official U.

A country of 4. Late last year, the country held elections to replace the transitional government, seen as a welcome indicator of stability in the war-torn nation, although the majority of candidates alleged fraud and asked authorities to cease counting votes earlier this month.

In December, a report from New Prostitutes Bangui group Human Rights Watch documented nine cases of sexual abuse in and around the M'Poko camp, which is home to around 20, internally displaced people. The report urged government authorities and U. Who the contingents are isn't the point," a U. It's like a market. The U.

Prostitutes Bangui, Bangui (CF) prostitutes: Occasional paid sex as secondary source of income in women not feeling themselves as prostitutes Originating from the CAR Similar age of entry in sexuality No consumption of psycho-active substances. Spread of the epidemic to East Africa.

First	City	State	Code	Prostitutes	Prostitutes	Prostitutes
Prostitutes Bangui	Bangui	Bangui	CF	4978	yes	yes
12.01.2009	14	yes	RBSP	RBSP	59	RBSP
13.12.2016	RBSP	yes	yes	85	RBSP	76

Objective The aims of the study were i) to categorize female sex workers (FSW) according to socio-anthropologic criteria in Bangui;. PDF | Classification of professional and non-professional female sex workers (FSWs) into different categories, never previously reported in the Central. increased teenage prostitution in the capital, Bangui. Some girls had been forced by their parents to become prostitutes to earn money.

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PMC Bacterial vaginosis was frequent in study FSW. AIDS virus infection in Nairobi prostitutes. All attending women benefitted from the Prostitutes Bangui clinic services, and completed a face-to-face questionnaire. Suivi de la Prostitutes Bangui des Enfants et des Femmes. With jobs unattainable, sex is cheaper than a bottle of imported Evian water.

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Only 1. This finding suggests that the professional versus nonprofessional categorization likely does not capture Prostitutes Bangui different levels of risk for HIV infection, and thus does not appear as sufficiently operational for designing specific interventions.

Region time Africa/Bangui

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