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The officers seized some printed material concerning a presidential decree regulating small business. Levonevsky claimed the authorities refused to give him a copy of the search warrant. Unknown intruders broke into Prostitutes Volkovysk offices of several prominent opposition members and human rights NGO. Unknown intruders broke into the apartment of Vasily Golovatskikh, an Prostitutes Volkovysk deputy in Novopolotsk. Papers were scattered and property was damaged but nothing was taken, according to Prostitutes Volkovysk.

Human rights groups widely believed that members of security services perpetrated these break-ins. Nearly all opposition political figures reported that authorities monitored their activities and conversations; the Government did nothing to refute these reports.

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Representatives of certain NGOs Prostitutes Volkovysk said that their Prostitutes Volkovysk and correspondence were monitored routinely by the security services.

The Procurator General declined to investigate charges of illegal wiretapping brought by members of the opposition. The Presidential Guard or security service reportedly continued to conduct surveillance activities of the President's political opponents.

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Prostitutes Volkovysk was Prostitutes Volkovysk judicial or legislative oversight of the Prostitutes Volkovysk Guard's budget or activities, and the executive branch repeatedly thwarted attempts to exercise such oversight. Some officials were themselves monitored. Militia officers assigned to stand outside diplomatic missions were known to keep records of visits by political opposition leaders.

On March 6, a panel of Minsk City Court judges threw out a complaint by United Civic Party leader Anatoly Lebedko over his detention; plainclothes officers Prostitutes Volkovysk refused to identify themselves forcibly detained Lebedko near a foreign Embassy. The officers drove him to the KGB headquarters and issued him a formal warning that he would be charged with treason if he did not cease his contacts with foreigners. Some opposition figures expressed reluctance to visit foreign embassies due to Prostitutes Volkovysk of reprisals.

Harassment in the form of inspections by security officials and confiscation Prostitutes Volkovysk political literature, often without warrants, was widespread. Targets included opposition candidates and their supporters. On September 30, customs officials searched the vehicle of Valery Frolov and Vladimir Parfenovich, members of the parliamentary opposition group Respublika, as it crossed the border from Lithuania.

As Members of Parliament, both Frolov and Parfenovich claimed they enjoyed immunity from such searches, though such immunity is not outlined in the law. The director of the State Customs Committee Prostitutes Volkovysk that he ordered the search and claimed that at the state border there were no immune persons, and that he would search any vehicle he deemed Prostitutes Volkovysk.

On March 23, the wife and 7-year-old son of Viacheslav Sivchik were detained prior to a protest in which Viacheslav Sivchik participated. This was considered a move to Prostitutes Volkovysk Sivchik not to participate in the protest.

There were credible reports that the trials of Alexandr Chigir on charges of car theft and assisting in car hijacking were related to the political activity of his father, former Prime Minister Mikhail Chigir. Human rights observers widely believed that Prostitutes Volkovysk 6-year sentence was disproportionate to the allegations of wrongdoing.

On May 16, authorities brought new charges against Mikhail Chigir, claiming that there was new information on Chigir's illegal activity; the trial was suspended and no further action had been taken by year's end. Section 2 Respect for Civil Liberties, Including: a.

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Freedom of Speech and Press Both the and Constitutions provide for freedom of speech as well as the freedom to receive, retain, and disseminate information; however, the Government restricted these rights in practice. Laws and decrees restrict freedom of expression by limiting citizens' use of symbols and words on posters and by overly broad interpretation of libel laws to restrict criticism of government officials and activities.

During the year, the Government engaged in an apparently calculated campaign to restrict media freedom. The Government continued to make use of its monopoly on television broadcasting to present biased news coverage and to minimize the presentation of opposing points of view. On September 9, President Lukashenko Prostitutes Volkovysk upon mass media to be used as an instrument for promoting a pro-government state ideology see Section 3.

The executive branch continued its Prostitutes Volkovysk of freedom of speech. A presidential decree prohibits a range of broadly defined activities and limits freedom of expression. The decree prohibits individuals from carrying placards or flags bearing emblems that are not officially registered with the State, as well as emblems, symbols, and posters that intend to harm the State and public order Prostitutes Volkovysk rights and legal interests Prostitutes Volkovysk the citizens.

The decree also prohibits activities Prostitutes Volkovysk demean state authorities. This decree was used to prosecute and fine those carrying symbols Prostitutes Volkovysk the country's independence, such as the pre-Lukashenko red and white flag.

Throughout the year, authorities fined, warned, or jailed members of Prostitutes Volkovysk media, members of opposition and religious groups, Prostitutes Volkovysk others who publicly criticized the Government. The defamation law makes no distinction between private and public persons in lawsuits concerning defamation of character. A public figure who was criticized for poor performance in office by a media outlet may ask the prosecutor to sue both the journalist and media outlet that printed the criticism.

The authorities undertook numerous actions during the year intended to hamper the opposition media.

During a March visit to Orsha, Culture Minister Leonid Guliaka ordered the removal of several opposition and independent newspapers including Narodnaya Volya and BDG from a local library because "damaging opposition press has no business in a cultural center.

These included the continued use of: Libel laws, limitations on Prostitutes Volkovysk funding, pressure on businesses not to advertise with independent media, limitations on access to newsprint and printing presses, censorship, restrictions on the import of media-related materials, temporary suspension of independent and opposition periodicals, and detention of those distributing such material.

The newspapers and other print media Prostitutes Volkovysk the largest circulation were state-owned, although there also were a number of independent publications, some of which were critical of the Government. Independent newspapers were available widely in Minsk, but outside of the capital, variety was limited to the state-run national newspaper and local newspapers, only some Prostitutes Volkovysk which were independent.

All nationally available radio and television broadcasts originating in the Prostitutes Volkovysk were government-owned, although some broadcasts from other countries, Prostitutes Volkovysk Russia, Poland, and Lithuania, could be received in many parts of the country.

The two state-run television networks ONT and Belarusian Television were the only ones to broadcast nationwide. Both regularly featured reporting that was biased heavily in favor of the Government, sharply critical of opposition politicians and organizations, and failed to provide an outlet for opposing viewpoints. In October, a Prostitutes Volkovysk state-owned television station, LAD, was established that broadcast to over half of the country, using a channel formerly used by the popular Russian television network Kultura and other Russian state television channels.

Local, independent Prostitutes Volkovysk stations operated Prostitutes Volkovysk some areas and reported local news relatively unhindered by the authorities; however, most of these stations reported that they were under pressure not to report on national level issues or were subject to censorship.

All foreign media correspondents are required to register with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. There were no known instances of journalists denied registration during the year.

Unlike inthere Prostitutes Volkovysk no incidents in which the independent journalists were beaten. There was no indication that the authorities would investigate or prosecute those responsible Prostitutes Volkovysk the beatings in of Oleg Suprunyuk, Yuri Grimenyuk, or Stanislav Pochobut.

On November 29, police detained eight opposition activists for distributing a questionnaire for a street poll Prostitutes Volkovysk a possible referendum to enable President Lukashenko to run for a third presidential term. The detained activists, including prominent opposition politician Lyudmila Gryaznova, were charged with distributing unregistered print materials.

None of the other activists appeared at their trials, and at year's end, did not encounter any other legal problems.

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In September, the Government released the Prostitutes Volkovysk of a draft media law that would require media outlets, including Internet outlets, to reregister with the Government, refute any information considered false and libelous, and stipulate that journalists may Prostitutes Volkovysk stripped of their accreditation should they publish such information.

The draft law Prostitutes Volkovysk includes provisions that severely limit the provision of international financial assistance to media outlets, prevents media outlets from publishing materials from unregistered organizations, and requires journalists to "truthfully" report in their articles.

During the year, the Government refused all attempts to engage in public discussion of the draft law, which was not discussed during the fall parliamentary session.

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In April, Novikova received a 2-year suspended sentence Prostitutes Volkovysk distributing leaflets critical of Lukashenko at a metro station. By year's end, Novokiva faced additional charges after holding similar demonstrations Prostitutes Volkovysk November 24 and December The Government's use of presidential decrees was another obstacle for independent press.

A presidential decree "On Prostitutes Volkovysk the System of Receipt and Use of Humanitarian Assistance," allegedly aimed at stopping foreign-supported seditious activity, specifically prohibits foreign-supported activities directed at alteration of the constitutional order, overthrow of state power, or encouragement of such activities; preparation, administration, and organization of elections, referenda, organization of meetings, rallies, demonstrations, pickets, strikes, publication, and distribution of promotional materials, organization of seminars, and other types of promotional activities involving the Prostitutes Volkovysk.

The decree was the basis for a nationwide crackdown during the electoral campaign on independent media outlets and independent NGOs, many, if not most, of Prostitutes Volkovysk were supported by the international community. The Government utilized tax inspections, safety inspections, and confiscation of Prostitutes Volkovysk matter and equipment to immobilize much of the pro-democratic opposition throughout the campaign, thus severely restricting freedoms of speech and expression see Section 1.

On May 28, local authorities in Borisov ordered state-owned stores to stop the sale of all publications that did not have a special license. Independent newspapers complained that the process Prostitutes Volkovysk obtaining such licenses, which require the approval Prostitutes Volkovysk 20 local agencies, was difficult and expensive. Authorities continued to pressure independent Prostitutes Volkovysk. The law specifies that the Government may close down a publication after two warnings. Regulatory provisions grant authorities power to ban and censor critical reporting; for example, the State Committee on the Press was given authority to suspend the publication of periodicals or newspapers for 3 months without a court ruling.

Amendments to the Prostitutes Volkovysk prohibit the media from disseminating information on behalf of political Prostitutes Volkovysk, trade unions, and NGOs that are not registered with Prostitutes Volkovysk MOJ.

On Prostitutes Volkovysk 28, the Ministry of Information suspended the popular independent newspaper Belaruskaya Delovaya Gazeta BDG after giving the newspaper two warnings for articles critical of the Government. The articles reported on the use of President Lukashenko's personal airplane by a Russian model who had visited Lukashenko and provided information about the trials of Mikhail Leonov, former director Prostitutes Volkovysk the Minsk Tractor Factory, and Viktor Kazeko, former President of the Belarusian State Food Industry Concern.

The Government allowed BDG to resume publishing and distribution activities in August; however, BDG Prostitutes Volkovysk unable to find a printing press in the country willing to print the newspaper and was forced to use a printing press in Russia.

Following Prostitutes Volkovysk suspension, the Government undertook what appeared to be a systematic campaign to punish any entity that printed Prostitutes Volkovysk published BDG articles through suspensions, fines, personnel dismissals, and deprivation of access to printing presses. Actions included the June 4 Prostitutes Volkovysk of Prostitutes Volkovysk independent trade union paper, Solidarnasts, the independent newspaper Navinki, and the newspaper Echo, all of which had provided space for BDG's articles.

Vladimir Telesh, the director of the printing press that printed Solidarnasts, Navinki, and Ekho was fired from his position for his "failure to meet the provisions of the Prostitutes Volkovysk in accordance with the existing law. On July 22, a state-run printing house in Slonim refused to Prostitutes Volkovysk printing the independent newspaper Mestnaya Gazeta Shag after Prostitutes Volkovysk began printing BDG's articles in its paper.

After their suspensions ended, Prostitutes Volkovysk of these newspapers were able to secure contracts with local printing presses. On September 23, the Minsk Regional Economic Court upheld a decision by the Minsk Oblast Executive Committee to Prostitutes Volkovysk Mestnoye Vremya Press Ltd, the owner of the independent newspaper Mestnoye Vremya, allegedly for failing to provide notification of the company's change of address and charter. The decision was made despite the fact Prostitutes Volkovysk in April, the Minsk City Economic Court had overruled the decision and ordered the restoration of the company's registration.

Ulan was stripped of his status as an individual entrepreneur. Following the court's ruling, the Lida branch of the Belarusian Language Society published the newspaper until July, when Ulan's wife took over as publisher of the newspaper.

On October 2, the Ministry of Information suspended publication of the newspaper for up to 3 months alleging Prostitutes Volkovysk Ulan's wife had no right to engage in publishing activities, despite existing legislation that allows individuals and legal entities to publish newspapers. The decision was made despite the fact that Ulan's wife also had successfully defeated attempts by local authorities to deny her registeration as an individual entrepreneur, which granted her the right to engage in newspaper publication.

In November, Ulan's wife filed a lawsuit in the Grodno regional economic court against the local authorities' decision against her. The case was then transferred to the Supreme Economic Court.

On December 24, police detained a minibus carrying 5, issues of the independent newspaper Mestnaya Gazeta. Romulad Ulan and the driver were forced to go to the police station but were released 2 hours later when police were unable to find any legal violations. On December 26, police sealed the newspaper's offices after fire safety officials determined that the fire safety code violations found on December 23 had not been rectified.

However, fire safety officials in Grodno later determined that the local fire safety officials had exceeded their authority and the offices were unsealed on December On July 28, the Ministry of Information annulled the registration of Prostitutes Volkovysk independent newspaper Den, because the newspaper had not published Prostitutes Volkovysk 1 year of its last issue.

On August 26, the Ministry of Information revoked its annulment after it became aware that the newspaper had published an issue of the paper within the past year.

In May and June, police broke up three prayer gatherings of the unregistered Hindu religious group "Light of Kaylasa" that were taking place in private apartments.

Despite being allowed to resume publication, Den was unable to secure an agreement with printing presses to publish the newspaper. Prostitutes Volkovysk November 27, the Presidential Administration successfully insisted that as a condition of President Lukashenko's appearance on a televised live debate on a Russian television show called Freedom of Speech, the station remove 21 representatives of independent media and civil society from the list of intended participants.

On December 27, BSTRC granted the Prostitutes Volkovysk news agency BelTa the exclusive right to distribute weekly television listings through media outlets starting January 1, The decision, made by Prostitutes Volkovysk Presidential Administration, raised fears among independent newspapers that they will be denied access to these listings and may face a decline in readership of their newspapers.

The independent press is prohibited by presidential decree from using the country's name in its titles. The decree on "the Use by Legal Entities of Prostitutes Volkovysk Name of the Republic" allows only legal entities specially authorized Prostitutes Volkovysk the President to use the name of the country in their titles.

Another presidential decree declares all editors-in-chief of state-supported newspapers to be state employees and members of their respective local-level government councils. Another decree grants the Ministry of Press the authority to assign graduates of state-supported journalism schools to work in state-owned media organizations as a way to repay their schooling.

Beginning on June 7, all radio stations were required to forward copies of the news stories and play lists they had broadcast to the Ministry of Information. On January 2, the SCC seized audio and video recording equipment from the Prostitutes Volkovysk of the Belarusian Union of Filmmakers that was donated by a Russian company on the grounds that the organization improperly prepared documents proving ownership and customs clearance of the equipment.

After the Government issued a decree in transferring responsibility for registering electronic media from the Ministry of Communications to the Ministry of Prostitutes Volkovysk, all electronic media outlets were required Prostitutes Volkovysk reregister with the Ministry of Information. According to the Belarusian Association of Journalists, the authorities did not reject any reregistration applications from electronic media outlets.

The law allows for punishment of public insults or libel against the President by up to 4 years in prison, 2 years of khimya detention in internal exileor by a large fine. The Prostitutes Volkovysk also continued to make use of the articles in the Criminal Code that prohibit Prostitutes Volkovysk and insulting the President or officials to stifle press freedom.

The Criminal Code provides for a maximum penalty of 5 years' imprisonment for such offenses. Prostitutes Volkovysk to the Belarusian Association of Journalists BAJ President Zhana Litvina, the laws penalizing slander of officials effectively imposed a ban on press criticism of the Government. On September 2, the Constitutional Court, in response to a BAJ petition in July, asked the National Assembly for clarification of these articles, and suggested adding a clause decriminalizing criticism of officials if it does not defame or dishonor Prostitutes Volkovysk, or use offensive language.

However, the National Assembly took no action by year's end. In March, Nikolai Markevich, editor in chief of the opposition newspaper Pahonia, and Pahonia journalist Pavel Mozheiko were released from their respective detention facilities in Osipovichi and Zhlobin.

They were sentenced to 2. In December, Viktor Ivashkevich, editor-in-chief of the opposition newspaper Rabochi, was released--his sentence was reduced from 2 years to 1 year. The journalists all qualified for early release based upon normal practice. On February 24, Prostitutes Volkovysk Ministry of Information ordered the opposition newspaper Vcherny Stolin to suspend its Prostitutes Volkovysk activities for 3 months for alleged "flagrant violations" of the law, inciting social intolerance, and publishing classified material about a police investigation into corruption in the local government without permission.

The Ministry also cited the newspaper's failure to properly report that the newspaper was switching the focus of its reporting from economic Prostitutes Volkovysk to political issues. On March 8, following Vcherny Stolin's suspension, Alexander Ignatyuk, editor-in-chief of Vcherny Stolin, launched another newspaper, Provintsialka, which continued to provide critical reporting of local officials. On April 18, the Ministry of Information suspended Provintsialka for 3 months on Prostitutes Volkovysk grounds that Provintsialka exceeded its advertising limit.

The Ministry of Information gave Vcherny Stolin permission to resume publishing so that Ignatyuk could generate income to pay his fines. Publication was resumed in April. In addition to the March 8 fine, local officials who were accused of corruption and abuse of power sued Ignatyuk on three other occasions during the year.

On November 17, a Minsk City Appeals Court panel levied heavy libel fines against the country's largest daily independent newspaper Narodnaya Volya and two journalists for an article written 2 years ago. The appellate court increased the amount of damages three to five times over what a lower Prostitutes Volkovysk previously levied against the newspaper and the journalists.

It made this decision in spite of the regional Prostitutes Volkovysk legal opinion that the fine far exceeded the damages suffered by the complainant. In response to Khalip's articles about official investigations into the alleged corrupt business practices of Viktor Kozeko, the former head of a large state-owned food concern, Belgospisheprom, and his son. At year's end, no further developments had occurred.

On June 28, the Ministry of Interior expelled Pavel Selin, a journalist with the Russian television station NTV and banned him from returning to the country for 5 years. The expulsion order came following Selin's reporting on the June 25 funeral of the prominent Belarusian writer Vasili Bykov. Selin's report described police efforts to interrupt Bykov's funeral procession, the refusal of officials to participate in the funeral along with Prostitutes Volkovysk figures, and Bykov's wife's problems in obtaining residential registration.

At year's end, NTV did not issue an apology and its Minsk office remained closed. Prior to the March 2 local elections, on February 6, one radio station in Vitebsk denied a local opposition candidate the opportunity to address radio listeners on a radio program, although three other candidates were able to do so. Prostitutes Volkovysk to the Prostitutes Volkovysk, independent newspapers in the provinces engaged in self-censorship.

During a March visit to Orsha, Culture Minister Leonid Guliaka ordered the removal of several opposition and independent newspapers including Narodnaya Volya and BDG from a local library because "damaging opposition press has no business in a cultural center. On July 6, officials from the Ministry of Culture and the Minsk City Executive Committee ordered the removal of a painting by Alexei Marochkin at an art exhibit marking the th anniversary of the coronation of Grand Duke Minduah, the founder of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

The painting depicted a critical comparison between Lukashenko and Duke Minduah. Although there were several Internet service providers in the country, they were all state controlled. The Government's monopoly on Internet service resulted in high prices, poor quality, limited service, and allowed the Government to monitor practically all e-mail.

Unlike in previous years, there were no confirmed instances of authorities selectively cutting Prostitutes Volkovysk Internet access. In June, hackers attacked a website that posted a Prostitutes Volkovysk of a book critical of President Lukashenko. In addition to restrictions placed on the media, the Government continued to restrict academic freedom. University administrators targeted and strongly discouraged research into politically sensitive subjects, such as the country's independence movement during the Prostitutes Volkovysk era, a theme that is seen to challenge the Government's policy of integration with Prostitutes Volkovysk see Section 1.

All independent, non-state, academic institutions are required to obtain special permission Prostitutes Volkovysk the authorities Prostitutes Volkovysk hold educational Prostitutes Volkovysk or lectures. There were also credible reports that independent universities engaged in self-censorship. According to President Lukashenko, educational institutions are to Prostitutes Volkovysk as the centers of promoting the new state ideology, Prostitutes Volkovysk teachers Prostitutes Volkovysk become "active propagandists.

The Government also continued to harass students engaged in anti-government activities, Prostitutes Volkovysk as demonstrations see Prostitutes Volkovysk 2.

In at least one instance, the university's administration warned students at Belarusian State Technology University that they would be deprived of their benefits and stipends if they Prostitutes Volkovysk not join the BRYM.

During the year, government efforts to close educational institutions that promoted Belarusian and Jewish studies led many in these respective groups to believe that the Government sought to prevent teaching in the Belarusian language and the teaching of Judaica see Sections 2. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association The and Constitutions both provide for freedom of peaceful assembly; however, the Government severely restricted this right in practice.

Following many unsanctioned demonstrations, police and other security officials beat, detained, and Prostitutes Volkovysk to coerce confessions from some demonstrators.

Organizers must apply at least 15 days in advance to local officials for permission to conduct a demonstration, rally, or meeting. Under the law, the local government must respond with a decision no later than 5 days prior to the scheduled event. However, such permits were not routinely issued during the year. Beginning with the September elections, most permits either have not been granted or have been granted only for demonstrations in obscure, hard-to-reach locations.

On August 29, a law on demonstrations took effect that further restricts citizens' ability to assemble peacefully, and allows the Government to close any organization after a single violation of the law. The new law was intended to codify a Presidential decree that banned demonstrations by unregistered organizations, limited participation to under 1, persons, and prohibited the wearing of masks and use of unregistered flags, symbols, and placards bearing messages deemed threatening to the state or public order see Section 2.

According to members of opposition parties, authorities frequently denied permission to opposition groups to meet in public buildings.

Nevertheless, public demonstrations occurred frequently in Minsk, varying in size Prostitutes Volkovysk a few participants to several thousand. However, they were always under strict surveillance by the authorities, including open videotaping of the participants by the police and plainclothes security officers. Demonstrations also occurred in other parts of the country although less frequently, particularly in eastern areas close Prostitutes Volkovysk the border with Russia.

On February 14, police broke up an opposition march that was attended by 50 persons and organized by the unregistered youth Prostitutes Volkovysk Malady Front. On February 17, five members of Malady Front, Prostitutes Volkovysk Malady Front leader Prostitutes Volkovysk Severinets, were sentenced to 5 to 15 days' imprisonment.

Following the March 12 "People's March for a Better Life" demonstration, authorities arrested and convicted several of its Prostitutes Volkovysk. During a March 23 demonstration marking the anniversary of the foundation of Prostitutes Volkovysk Belarusian National Republic, police arrested approximately 50 persons including Belarusian Popular Front leaders Vintsuk Vyachorka and BPF activist Vladimir Kishkurnko, as well as members of other opposition parties.

Many were released after a few hours, but 23 were Prostitutes Volkovysk of participating in an unauthorized rally, and 10 of those convicted, including Vyachorka, Kishkurno, and Vyacheslav Sivchiuk, were sentenced to up to 15 days' imprisonment; 6 participants were heavily fined; and 7 received warnings.

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Valentin Baranov, an organizer of the March 23 demonstration, was sentenced to 14 days' imprisonment. Baranov had received a day sentence on March 24, and again on April 25, for his involvement in the March 23 demonstration. After the trial, Baranov, complaining of ill health, was hospitalized and his sentence was cancelled. However, his case was subsequently returned to court, which reintroduced the charges Prostitutes Volkovysk him.

On April 3, police detained approximately 15 members of the unregistered youth movement Zubr after they held an unsanctioned demonstration outside of a foreign embassy in Prostitutes Volkovysk in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. One participant was sentenced to days' imprisonment, while two received warnings. Prostitutes Volkovysk fourth person, Prostitutes Volkovysk Yelovaya, went into hiding and was sentenced in absentia to 10 days imprisonment.

On June 18, Yelovaya was arrested at her university after she finished taking her final exams. On June 20, Yelovaya was rushed to a hospital Prostitutes Volkovysk underwent medical treatment after developing an infection while in detention. After receiving treatment, Yelovaya was released from the hospital and went into hiding.

At year's end, Yelovaya remained in hiding. On October 1, Anatoly Shumchenko, leader of the Prostitutes Volkovysk business association, was arrested and sentenced to 5 days imprisonment for his involvement in organizing a September 3 demonstration in front of a Minsk district administration building to protest the city authority's pressure on kiosk owners. On October 30, Alexander Bukhvostov, leader of the Belarusian Union of Automobile and Agricultural Implement Workers, was sentenced to 10 days' imprisonment for attempting to demonstrate against increased government violations of workers rights in downtown Minsk Prostitutes Volkovysk Section 6.

On November 10, Artur Finkevich, a member of the unregistered youth organization Malady Front, was detained for distributing leaflets promoting a Prostitutes Volkovysk 24 demonstration that ostensibly lacked required publication information.

After being released on November 11, Finkevich was again arrested on November 12 for distributing similar leaflets and was sentenced to Prostitutes Volkovysk days' imprisonment. After completing his term, Finkevich was immediately tried Prostitutes Volkovysk his November 10 arrest and was sentenced to 15 days' imprisonment.

On November 24, 17 persons were arrested in downtown Minsk for participating in Prostitutes Volkovysk unauthorized demonstrating against Prostitutes Volkovysk plans to Prostitutes Volkovysk a referendum to allow President Lukashenko to run for president a third time. Two of those arrested were sentenced to 15 days imprisonment and another demonstrator was sentenced to 5 days imprisonment. Twelve minors who were detained during the demonstration were released. Most of those released ignored subpoenas to appear before court.

On December 2, Gomel oblast authorities prohibited the Belarusian Party of Communists from staging demonstrations throughout the oblast to protest a sharp rise in utility rates in the oblast. On December 20, approximately 20 members of the unregistered youth organization Zubr held an unsanctioned outdoor vigil to mark the death of Andrei Zaitsev, a former member of Zubr, who committed suicide in after Prostitutes Volkovysk that the KGB attempted to recruit him.

On December 22, a Gomel court sentenced five members of Zubr to 5 days' imprisonment for participating in the event. Unlike in previous years, there were no reports that police beating demonstrators Prostitutes Volkovysk protests. However, there were reports that police violently pulled demonstrators to police vans as they were detaining demonstrators. The Constitution provides for freedom of association; however, authorities severely Prostitutes Volkovysk this right in practice. During the pre-election period inthe authorities regularly harassed members and supporters of opposition parties and confiscated leaflets and publications see Section 3.

Prostitutes Volkovysk also continued to attempt to impose severe limitations on the activities of NGOs see Section 4. During the year, the unregistered Association of Belarusian Students reported that members of the organization, Prostitutes Volkovysk other students, were pressured to join the government organized Belarusian Prostitutes Volkovysk Youth Movement.

Employees at state-run enterprises were discouraged from joining independent trade unions see Section 6. According to the law, NGOs, political parties, and trade unions are required Prostitutes Volkovysk register with authorities and it is illegal to work with an unregistered NGO.

Presidential decree 24, issued on November 28, stipulates that international assistance can be granted to, or accepted by, an organization that is registered with the Ministry of Economy. Interim activities that had previously been legal while registration was pending are now prohibited. The new decree would essentially freeze the activities of foreign-sponsored NGOs for as long as the reregistration process was prolonged.

Decree 24 also specifies that any local body that receives "illegal" foreign aid, including from an unregistered NGO, be closed after just one violation. Private organizations are prohibited by regulation from using private residences as their legal addresses. In light of government control or ownership of many office buildings, the regulations had the effect of complicating Prostitutes Volkovysk reregistration process by making nonresidential addresses difficult to establish.

After the reregistration process had begun, the authorities announced that in addition to registering, organizations would have to alter their charters to indicate recognition of the Constitution and to exclude the words "popular" or "national" from their titles. Inan amendment to the Law on Public Associations codified this announcement by prohibiting political and social organizations from using the words "Belarus," "Republic of Belarus," "national," or "popular" in their Prostitutes Volkovysk.

Although most of the major political parties and unions that applied were allowed to reregister, the Assembly of Belarusian Pro-democratic NGOs reported that only 1, or 57 percent, of the NGOs in existence when the reregistration law went into effect, were reregistered by the summer of The MOJ rejected a total of NGOs for reregistration on various grounds, and 31 were in the process of reregistering at year's Prostitutes Volkovysk.

According to statistics from the MOJ, during the year regional branches of trade unions, regional branches of social associations, and regional branches of political parties were registered.

The same statistics indicate that the MOJ liquidated 51 NGOs, many of which have been actively involved in promoting civil society and human rights. According to one human rights NGO, most Prostitutes Volkovysk the organizations that were registered during the year dealt with sports and entrepreneurial interests and none of the registered organizations promoted civil society.

During the year, the MOJ challenged the registration of several opposition parties and NGOs over their legal addresses. These organizations were unable to obtain space in office buildings since many locations were either owned Prostitutes Volkovysk the Government or were too expensive.

Instead, they must operate out of private apartments that the Government did not consider legal addresses. The Assembly, the country's largest NGO umbrella organization, complained that it had applied for registration in Aprilbut the MOJ decided the matter only on October 14 the law requires that the MOJ render a decision in 1 month.

The MOJ argued that the Prostitutes Volkovysk had provided an incorrect address in its founding documents and that several of its constituent associations were dissolved while the MOJ was considering the application.

Ales Belyatsky, one of the organization's founders, said that the organization would continue functioning without registration, as it has been doing for the past 5 years.

Prostitutes Volkovysk October 16, Justice Minister Viktor Golovanov said that recent closures of NGOs were part of Prostitutes Volkovysk agency's "purposeful work" to enforce the law on Prostitutes Volkovysk third sector. He denied that the NGOs were closed by the order from a higher authority. Golovanov said that the MOJ's Prostitutes Volkovysk work" was also targeted at courts, notary publics, and political parties. On October 28, the Vyasna Human Rights Center was liquidated after the MOJ accused the organization of forging signatures of its members as it was reregistering.

In addition, Vyasna was charged with Prostitutes Volkovysk to collect dues from Vyasna members, and representing non-Vyasna Prostitutes Volkovysk in court. Although Vyasna successfully refuted the Ministry of Justice's charges, the court nevertheless Prostitutes Volkovysk Vyasna based upon a warning Vyasna received during its observation of the presidential elections. On October 21, the Ministry of Justice refused to register the Belarusian Democratic Party, founded by Valentina Polevikova, former Chairwoman of the Belarusian Women's Party, ostensibly on the grounds that the party would not be able to fulfill its party program of securing the interests of families and women.

The Ministry of Justice noted that the presence of men among the 1, members of the party prevented the party from being able to achieve its goals. On October 23, the Lower House of Parliament announced that the parliamentary faction Respublika faction was formally liquidated. The faction, which was pro-democratic, had only 6 members rather than the required They vowed to continue their activities despite the ban and death threats members have received.

On November 11, the Supreme Court liquidated the Association of Young Entrepreneurs for irregularities during its registration process in The NGO focused on education activities, published a bulletin, and Prostitutes Volkovysk legal counsel to young persons involved in small businesses.

The organization filed its application on July The MOJ replied on November 17, more than 3 months after the deadline stipulated by law, that the Young Social Democrats were denied registration because one of the purposes stated in their charter was to promote political, cultural, and universally recognized human values among youth.

Freedom of Religion The and Constitutions provide for freedom of religion; however, the Government restricted this right in practice. Although both Constitutions affirm the equality of religions and denominations before the law, the Constitution stipulates that cooperation between the state and religious organizations "is regulated with regard for their influence on the formation of spiritual, cultural, and country traditions of the Belarusian people. The Concordat provides the BOC autonomy in its internal affairs and the ability to fulfill all religious rights, as well as the right to consider itself in a special relationship with the State.

It recognizes the BOC's "influence on the formulation of spiritual, cultural, and national traditions of the Belarusian people. Although it states that the agreement will not limit the religious freedoms of other faiths, the Concordat calls for the Government and the BOC to combat unnamed "pseudo-religious structures that present a danger to individuals and society.

The law contains a number of very restrictive elements, which observers feared would be used to hinder Prostitutes Volkovysk to prevent the activities of religious groups other than the Prostitutes Volkovysk. Under the law, all religious organizations must undergo compulsory reregistration by Novemberwith specific requirements for membership size and years of activity for religious groups.

Government officials stated publicly that no organization that was registered when the law was enacted would lose its registration status even if it failed to meet the new criteria, but the leaders of some minority religious groups were skeptical of this assurance. In addition, the law restricts the ability of registered religious organizations to conduct religious education, requires all religious groups to receive governmental approval to distribute literature, and prevents foreigners from leading religious organizations.

The law effectively prohibits all Prostitutes Volkovysk activity by unregistered religious groups. The Government increased its harassment of religious groups based not only upon the religion law, but also on directives that provide additional rules and requirements for religious groups that are not outlined in the law. According to the Committee of Religious and Nationalities Affairs of the Council of Ministers CRNAwhich regulates all religious matters in the country, 26 religious denominations were officially registered at year's end; however, authorities continued to refuse legal registration at the national level to faiths considered to be nontraditional.

Religious groups that could not register often were forced to meet illegally or in the homes of individual members. In May and June, police broke up three prayer gatherings of the unregistered Hindu religious Prostitutes Volkovysk "Light of Kaylasa" that were taking place in private Prostitutes Volkovysk.

In one incident, police forced the group's members to lie on the floor as they conducted a search of the apartment, Prostitutes Volkovysk resulted in heavy damage. On January 30, the CRNA issued a document containing methodological recommendations on registering and reregistering religious groups. The recommendations required religious groups to fulfill additional requirements and submit additional information about their groups. Although the CRNA, claimed that these recommendations, which had not been approved by the MOJ, were an internal document, local officials have used them to deny registration to a Church of Scientology religious community in Minsk.

In addition to the Prostitutes Volkovysk law, the Government used several other legislative acts to levy additional requirements on religious groups.

Inthe CRNA issued an instruction to oblast authorities Prostitutes Volkovysk them to assess public opinion before the construction or reconfiguration of religious buildings for religious purposes.

According to the CRNA, authorities may deny permission for such work if it is opposed by the local population, although this requirement is not established in the law. Although the Greek Catholic Church is officially registered, it experienced problems with the Government because of historical tensions between the BOC and the Greek Catholic Church's emphasis on the use of the Belarusian language. On April 18, an article in the state-run newspaper Respublika alleged that a student at a Mogilev school had fallen under the dangerous influence of a Scientologist instructor at school, and that he was returned from his zombie state after 1-year of psychiatric treatment.

During the year, the government-run newspaper Narodnaya Gazeta continued to publish articles hostile towards Pentecostals in connection with the death Prostitutes Volkovysk Igor Orlovsky, a Union of Evangelical Faith Christian deacon in the town of Starie Dorogi.

The articles, which appeared in four issues, continued to allege that the pastor was sacrificed by Evangelical Christians. On April 1, the Minsk City Court upheld a prior Prostitutes Volkovysk court ruling that Yevgeny Novikov, the host of a television program on which these Prostitutes Volkovysk had been propagated, had defamed Evangelical Christians and ordered Novikov to air an open apology. Novikov's apology was aired during the June 21 television program "Pa Sutnasti.

The CRNA claimed that Belarusian Television refused its request to examine the program and advised Protestant groups to take action to pursue their cases in court. The CRNA further claimed that on June Prostitutes Volkovysk, Novikov appeared on television and issued a second apology, for comments made during his June 21 program; however, Protestant groups have stated that no such apology was aired.

Despite an October 8 statement by President Lukashenko that the Government should not inhibit activities of the Jewish community, officials continued to take a Prostitutes Volkovysk of actions indicating a lack of sensitivity toward the Jewish community.

Throughout Prostitutes Volkovysk year, the Government authorized construction and reburial activity in former Jewish cemeteries in Grodno and Mogilev, which upset local and international Jewish organizations. Since January, renovation work has been Prostitutes Volkovysk at a sports stadium in Grodno that was originally built on a former Jewish cemetery.

During the course of excavating the earth, workers at the site found human remains, which were removed from the site to be collected for future reburial.

Photographs taken by the Jewish community showed human remains, not only mixed in earth filling dump trucks, but also mixed with earth from the site used to resurface a road. In August, the Governor of Grodno signed an agreement with a national Jewish organization that allowed for the continuation of construction work at the site, Prostitutes Volkovysk long as such work did not damage underlying soil.

Despite signing the agreement, construction work that could be construed Prostitutes Volkovysk damaging the underlying soil continued. International and other national Jewish groups refused to recognize the agreement, claiming that it allows the Government to continue to desecrate the cemetery.

In November, the Governor of Grodno Oblast signed a second agreement with another Jewish leader to excavate human remains that were mixed with earth and paved over at a nearby road. In June, after intense pressure by the local Jewish community, which appealed to President Lukashenko to intervene, local authorities in Mogilev banned all non-Jewish burials in the city's Jewish cemetery. Government officials Prostitutes Volkovysk to make anti-Semitic comments in the media. For example, in a Prostitutes Volkovysk 13 Associated Press article about the Grodno cemetery and an unsubstantiated claim that local authorities in Mozyr had desecrated a Jewish cemetery and site of Prostitutes Volkovysk yet to be Prostitutes Volkovysk self-immolation of local Jews during World War II, Sergei Kostyan, Deputy Chairman of the International Affairs Committee of the lower house of parliament, rejected criticism for the work being conducted near a former Jewish cemetery.

Kostyan accused Jews of sowing Prostitutes Volkovysk discord," adding "Must we [citizens of Mozyr] leave the city without gas because of Jews? I am not an anti-Semite, but Belarusians suffered no less than the Jews. And now everybody is trying to say that it was Jews that won the war. During a November interview with the newspaper Belorusskaya Gazeta, Sergei Kostyan said he Prostitutes Volkovysk attempts to "turn Belarus into a springboard for Zionism.

This ruling effectively requires all religious organizations Prostitutes Volkovysk reregister their properties as religious properties. Government figures from showed that religious communities, including 34 Protestant denominations, registered their property through this process; however, authorities continued to deny permission to many Protestant churches, as well as other nontraditional faiths.

The Government issued a decree specifying measures to ensure public order and safety during public gatherings, and meeting hall officials cited this decree as a basis for canceling or refusing to extend agreements with religious groups for the use of their facilities. According to Prostitutes Volkovysk Full Gospel Evangelical Christian Church, Minsk authorities rejected several applications from Prostitutes Volkovysk Church during the year to rent space at a local meeting hall.

Many Protestant and nontraditional religious groups experienced problems obtaining property. There were anecdotal reports that local authorities denied land to Roman Catholic communities to construct churches in Brest Oblast.

However, in April, the Minsk City Council lowered the land tax for religious groups and subsequently implemented the decision to the Prostitutes Volkovysk of the Muslim Religious Association that was trying to construct a mosque in Minsk but had been prevented from doing so due to the high tax on land. Indespite an appeal by the Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church BAOClocal authorities in the town of Pogranichny demolished the church of the BAOC that they claimed was built illegally, since the building permit specified a private house.

Local courts continued to refuse to hear appeals made by the BAOC to overturn the Government's decision not to register Prostitutes Volkovysk churches. Citizens were not prohibited from proselytizing; however, while individuals may speak freely about Prostitutes Volkovysk religious beliefs, the authorities have intervened to prevent, interfere with, or punish Prostitutes Volkovysk who proselytize on behalf of an unregistered religion.

During the year, the Government heavily fined and detained members of unregistered religious groups that engaged in illegal religious activity. Police regularly detained, fined, and jailed numerous Hare Krishnas for illegally distributing religious literature.

Prostitutes Volkovysk, Pentecostals, and other Protestants were fined for illegally conducting and hosting religious services. According to the CRNA, convictions for such offenses were based on charges of either disturbing public order or illegally gathering without prior permission. The law allows persons to gather to pray in private homes; however, it places restrictions on holding rituals, rites, or ceremonies in such locations and requires permission from local authorities for such events.

Foreign missionaries were not permitted to engage in religious activities outside of the institutions that invited them. The law requires 1-year, multiple-entry "spiritual activities" visas for foreign missionaries.

According to the CRNA inall visa requests from registered Prostitutes Volkovysk organizations were approved. CRNA statistics showed that inover 1, foreigners went to the country to work with domestic religious groups. The CRNA reported that foreigners came to the country during the year to engage in religious activity, education, and humanitarian assistance activity with registered religious groups; however, religious groups, even those with a long history in the country, continued to experience difficulties in obtaining visas.

Members of the Hare Krishna and Protestant communities reported that they were unable to invite foreign clergy to participate in religious activity. The Roman Catholic Church reported that local authorities in Grodno Oblast took steps to limit the number of Prostitutes Volkovysk Roman Catholic workers, and in April, revoked the residence permits of three foreign Roman Catholic nuns who were subsequently Prostitutes Volkovysk. Bishops also had to receive permission from the CRNA before transferring a foreign priest to another parish.

Since April, Grodno city authorities have repeatedly denied the registration of a foreign rabbi because he does not speak Belarusian or Russian. Restitution of religious property remained limited. There was no legal Prostitutes Volkovysk for restitution of property seized during the Soviet and Prostitutes Volkovysk occupations, and legislation restricts the restitution of property that is being used for cultural or educational purposes.

Government officials and state media, including textbooks issued by the Ministry of Education, referred to nontraditional faiths as "sects," although it was not an official designation. In April and May, the Minsk Community of Krishna Conscience and the Union of Evangelical Faith Christians filed separate appeals to the Procurator General's office Prostitutes Volkovysk remove a textbook that discusses the various characteristics of religious sects.

On May 30, the Ministry of Education defended the use of the word "sect" as a scientific term and refused to remove the books from circulation or punish the writers of the book. However, the Ministry promised not only to instruct teachers to devote more time in their lessons to this issue, but also to consider the concerns expressed by Hare Krishna and Evangelical Christian groups, as well as to revise the controversial text when the Prostitutes Volkovysk is reprinted.

Fearing for their safety, some Baptist Prostitutes Volkovysk in Brest Oblast and Minsk removed their children from classes because of the reference to "sects" in textbooks. According to one Baptist leader, high school students Prostitutes Volkovysk Brest Oblast were repeatedly questioned about their attendance at Sunday schools, the church they belonged to, and the names of their pastors and Sunday school teachers.

These teachers were then requested to provide Prostitutes Volkovysk curriculum to the high schools, which they refused to do. Members of the Light Prostitutes Volkovysk Kaylasa who were fined for their participation in unsanctioned demonstrations and protests reported that authorities have threatened them with confiscation of Prostitutes Volkovysk and addional legal charges should their fines go unpaid.

In March, authorities forced the parents of one member of the group to pay the outstanding fine of their son. On May 15, unknown assailants attacked a member of the group, while yelling anti-Hindu statements. In two separate incidents in May and Augustskinheads attacked several foreign Jews in downtown Minsk.

In one incident, police arrived at the scene but did not arrest the assailants. In Septemberunknown assailants attacked a rabbi and his son near a foreign embassy in Minsk. Local guards at the Prostitutes Volkovysk assisted the rabbi and notified the police, who opened an investigation into the incident that was pending at year's end. Ina court denied a request by the Jewish community to punish a company called The Orthodox Initiative that distributed an anti-Semitic book called "War According to Evil Means," since according to the judge, the Prostitutes Volkovysk contained scientific information and was therefore not within the jurisdiction of the court.

All subsequent appeals of the Prostitutes Volkovysk were denied. Anti-Semitic material, imported from Russia, could be found throughout Minsk. In April, several Jewish leaders appealed to the Government to stop the sale of Russki Vestnik, Prostitutes Volkovysk anti-Semitic newspaper printed in Russia.

In May, the Government ordered the removal of Russki Vestnik from stores and kiosks.

Prostitutes Volkovysk, Skank in Volkovysk, Grodnenskaya

HIV-infected individuals were afraid to disclose their status for fear of prejudice based primarily on a lack of understanding of the virus. Alternatively a suspect who has been charged may be released on a written pledge not to flee, in which case there is no time limit on pretrial investigation. After completing his term, Finkevich was immediately tried for his November 10 arrest and was sentenced to 15 days' imprisonment.

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